What does HackerNews think of tippecanoe?
Build vector tilesets from large collections of GeoJSON features.
Protomaps doesn’t limit you to any particular type of tiles, it’s just a format which allows you to read tiles out of a single file with HTTP range requests.
1) If your information belongs in OpenStreetMap, you can add it via an editor like the web editor at https://openstreetmap.org - this will also benefit all other OSM users. You can then "refresh" your Protomaps download to get a new map.
2) If there isn't many point and polygons, it may sense to add them as Leaflet layers, especially if you want them to be interactive
3) Other options are creating vector tiles of your own data and merging or displaying them in the renderer (https://github.com/mapbox/tippecanoe is a great tool to do this from GeoJSON) but I don't have much to support this yet.
(posted something similar to another response)
When things get too large you can keep them in the mbtile file and serve them out with an express app.
I've done it in a severless environment which scales well but would get crazy expensive for any high use.
http://geohipster.com/2017/08/07/eric-fischer-may-yet-object...
For bar charts http://www.chartjs.org/ and when requirements are more complex http://nvd3.org/ or https://d3js.org/
For time series it used to be https://omnipotent.net/jquery.sparkline/ but last release was 5 years ago.