What does HackerNews think of liveviews?
Phoenix LiveView workalikes for different languages and frameworks
This approach has been implemented in most popular programming languages used for backend development: https://github.com/liveviews/liveviews
Much of what OP listed was a criticism directed at LiveView, the 'Live App' functionality, not Phoenix, the web framework. Live Apps are not exclusive to Phoenix either, as there are now imitators for every other web framework now, which at least speaks to its broader appeal amongst developers. So the criticism could be leveled towards the far less mature 'Live App' libraries on PHP/Python/JS/C# and so on and on:
https://github.com/liveviews/liveviews
As for lack of documentation, I find this a strange criticism to level at the Elixir ecosystem. It's documentation tooling is very good, and so libraries are typically very well documented, and often include 'doc tests' which double as both examples of usage and inline unit tests. You can simply launch the REPL (called IEx) and type `h .` and get documentation for any function.
As for the language, I think immutability and using GenServers could be a little counter-intuitive to people used to mutating variables inside of loops and using shared singletons, but elixir-lang.org and Exercism provide very approachable learning materials for understanding the language.