So using newer CSS selector features, like attribute value selectors, will work fine in post-Sizzle jQuery versions.
That "jQuery syntax" has nothing to do with the language itself. jQuery uses Sizzle[0], which is a CSS selector library for JavaScript. There are plenty of PHP libraries which provide CSS selectors, such as the Symfony CssSelector component[1].
Also, wouldn't it be more accurate for the selector testing to actually test against Sizzle[1]?
Other features aren't even present in jQuery, such as templating, and so I'm not sure why you'd even compare that. Yes people can and do use templates with jQuery, but that's an implementation detail and is not a concern of the library itself; jQuery does not coerce or force you to use a slow templating system, and most any good templating system will also have a compilation step that is run at build-time. So yeah, you can take some ugly userland jQuery example code and make specific code that is faster..