If you don't mind being stuck on Windows you could use Visual C# or Visual Basic, they have edit-and-continue too. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/edit... I've worked with the SuperTux C# level editor in the past. C# was actually pretty nice for GUI stuff.
There doesn't seem to be a good GUI framework for Clojure. There was Seesaw but it hasn't been updated since 2019 (no maintainer). There is a guy developing a new framework https://github.com/HumbleUI/HumbleUI/ but it's WIP. I guess you could sidestep this by making it a webapp and using figwheel + web framework of choice.
Tonsky is working on Humble UI for desktop stuff that I'm very excited about: https://github.com/HumbleUI/HumbleUI
Nikita Prokopov is developing Humble UI which is worth keeping a close eye on. (Yes, it's Clojure, but Java interop is bound to emerge if it builds up a critical mass and catches on.)
I've made a few desktop apps in https://github.com/cljfx/cljfx (e.g., https://www.chronos-desk.com/), and cljfx (JavaFX + Clojure) is amazing and makes for rapid development, not to mention fun. I'm keeping an eye on https://github.com/HumbleUI/HumbleUI, which promises to be a step up.