SHA1 and MD5 are the most widely accessible, though, and I agree it's fine to use them if you don't care about security.
Newer versions (≥3.2?) support xxHash and xxHash3:
* https://github.com/WayneD/rsync/blob/master/checksum.c
* https://github.com/Cyan4973/xxHash
* https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19402602 (2019 XXH3 discussion)
Sure there are some other fast ones out there like cityhash[2] but there aren't good Java/Python bindings I'm aware of and I wouldn't recommend using it in production given the lack of wide-spread use versus xxhash which is used by LZ4 internally and in databases all over the place.
[1] https://github.com/Cyan4973/xxHash [2] https://github.com/google/cityhash
https://github.com/Cyan4973/xxHash
https://github.com/rurban/smhasher#readme says XXH3 is 16GB/s while meow is 17GB/s.
You can find some numbers at it's site here: https://github.com/Cyan4973/xxHash
xxhash (https://github.com/Cyan4973/xxHash) with 32/64 bit output. The latest version, xxh3, supports up to 128 bit output.
meow hash (https://github.com/cmuratori/meow_hash)
The recently released Blake3 which is designed to be cryptographically secure is very fast also (https://github.com/BLAKE3-team/BLAKE3)
So, my initial assumption was wrong. I'll be trying Meow Hash and some others out!