What's the average lifespan of a line of kernel code? I imagine by starting this project 12 years before its anticipated use case they can get very far just by requiring that any new code is 128-bit compatible (in addition to doing the broader infrastructure changes needed like fixing the syscall ABI)

There's a fun tool called "Git of Theseus" which can answer this question! You can see some graphs of Linux code on the web page: https://github.com/erikbern/git-of-theseus

Named after the Ship of Theseus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_of_Theseus