I am seeking a first principles approach to graphics. From poking a chip to manipulating bits and drawing pixels on the screen in the most raw form. Anyone know of any such books/tutorials? I need to study how the first terminals worked.

Assembly as the highest level abstraction. Anything equivalent to assembly anyway - a forth would be fine.

Maybe this would be a good start! https://github.com/ssloy/tinyrenderer

It covers how graphics libraries like OpenGL go from triangles to screen coordinates, and how they "shade" pixels in those triangles to create an image.