Are there any examples of something similar that has the ability to seamlessly interact with tables as well?

Notion seems to be the only player in the space that effectively uses its tables as linkable databases, most similar products seem to either lack table functionality or they're just simple formatted text.

So much of my daily work revolves around databases and Excel, I would love the ability to have multiple views of database tables embedded in a text editor, varied by context, with full backend control over the database itself. Bonus points if I could easily have scripts run on them in the background, almost like a programmatic kind of Excel.

Have you heard of Obsidian? It's a note-taking app build on locally stored markdown files with bidirectional linking and a great ecosystem of third party plugins. One of the most popular plugins is https://github.com/blacksmithgu/obsidian-dataview which lets you treat your notes as databases and query them to form tables. The creator has been working on its successor, Datacore https://github.com/blacksmithgu/datacore for a while - Datacore might come close to what you're looking for, its goals include WYSIWYG views and live editing inside tables.