Funny, but the premise is insane: that Lisp is ful of things that are done better elsewhere and that Lisp is the weapon against bugs. I worked professionally in Lisp (Scheme) and this is 100% false. In my experience dynamically typed languages (incl. Lisp, Python, and Smalltalk) will absolutely be more bug prone than a good typed language (like Haskell or Rust) on non-trivial programs.
You can have type checking in Common Lisp:
https://medium.com/@MartinCracauer/static-type-checking-in-t...
Are there any implementations of good type systems on top of lisp (let's say approaching Haskell's in capability)?
There is! Coalton: https://github.com/coalton-lang/coalton
> Coalton is an efficient, statically typed functional programming language that supercharges Common Lisp