I'd love to learn more about their canary rollouts. Is there any more info from either them or similar large sites about this?

For example, what usually has to happen for a dev to trigger a rollback? Or how do they handle stateful changes such as database schema changes?

Re db migrations: they've built their own DB management tooling (https://github.com/openark/orchestrator) and online migration tooling (https://github.com/github/gh-ost)