Why are they banning the methods instead of saying how the pricing should be displayed. E.g. why say you cannot have "noindex" instead of saying "the pricing information needs to be in plain-text, human-readable, accessible, indexable..." and so on.

They are doing that as well. They are posting general requirements, as well as providing details on specific situations. From the main project @ https://github.com/CMSgov/price-transparency-guide

Section: Overview

> All machine-readable files must [...] made available to the public without restrictions that would impede the re-use of that information.

Section: Public Discoverability

> These machine-readable files post made available to the public without restrictions that would impede the re-use of that information.