Interesting how much emphasis they seem to place on treating TS as precisely JS + types and nothing more, even to the extent of excluding evolutionary TS features.

That does seem a reasonable argument for avoiding enum types in TS. Those have semantics that go beyond how enumerations work in most languages and implementing them in the underlying JS is going to introduce some runtime cost.

I wonder whether their coding standards still permit const enums, though, as they are also new relative to JS but work more like traditional enumerations in C-family languages. These ought to be entirely compiled away, so it seems like the same arguments around efficiency and portability/compatibility wouldn’t apply.

There isn't much of a difference between regular enum and const enum when it comes to the usage of the enum keyword. The big difference is what they compile to - where const enum evaporates by inlining the values into the usage sites.

enum is a keyword that is reserved in ECMAScript and therefore may one day clash with TypeScript. It's unlikely any ECMAScript-defined semantics for enum would match today's TypeScript enum. So it's not on any standards track.

There is already a proposal for JS enum that has different semantics to TS enum, and it was created by someone on the TypeScript team: https://github.com/rbuckton/proposal-enum

So the const form doesn't really change the hazard.