Is 3 hours a large time for an open server to be discovered? Do the attackers just have a giant list of ips that they constantly scan and can instantly know if it’s suddenly open to traffic?

Check out masscan [0]. It’s extremely easy to scan IPv4 very rapidly and find targets in an automated fashion. It advertises scanning the internet in 5 minutes.

[0]: https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan