Cool stuff! Have you considered using Nix for this? That way you get even more reproducibility, because all the OS packages (including Python and Poetry) can be easily pinned. If you only use packages which are already in nixpkgs you won't even need Poetry for easy repro.
Example[1]
[1] https://github.com/linz/stac/blob/6a82e92432945777fbd49631b4...
This example is too impractical if you need arbitrary, pinned PyPI packages. Trying to have Poetry work with Nix has been so painful to me that I'd just rather use a FHS shim.
Poetry2nix[1] is good for that. A lot of packages unfortunately require overrides to work, but poetry2nix ships with a bunch of these by default.