What is the current state of multi-core and multi-threading in Smalltalk? I remember Squeak wouldn’t use more than one core and one OS process and would implement threads in itself, but that was a very long while ago.

The 2008 RoarVM project allowed Squeak to run on a 56 core Tilera chip and was later ported to run on multiprocessor x86 machines:

https://stefan-marr.de/renaissance/

https://github.com/smarr/RoarVM

This was a research project so performance on a single core was poor compared to the official Squeak virtual machine, but it was an interesting exploration of the natural fit between objects/message passing and multiple cores.