Related, where do I begin to learn about live streaming/broadcasting from end-to-end?

I'm experimenting with an Apple TV project and I'd like to know (a) what has to take place to get from video camera or iOS device to an HLS stream? (b) What open source tools (if any) are available to help do this? (c) what storage/server requirements are there?

TIA

I can't edit my original reply, apologies for a bit of an offtopic tangent. This fits your project's requirements: https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module

You'll either want to push your HLS segments to S3 or a CDN if you want to persist them, or serve them directly off Nginx, depending on your audience size.