I'm a little confused as to what this actually is.

Is this a route planning built on top of OSM? Does this bundle OSM data "all in one" so that you can more easily host an OSM server?

OK, the GitHub page spells it out better [0].

> Self-hostable maps stack, powered by OpenStreetMap.

In addition to listing out some of the required specs (for a localized area) [1]:

> ... generation ... needs ... 8GB of memory ... running ... around 4GB ...

> ... recommend ... 50GB ... disk space

[0] https://github.com/headwaymaps/headway

[1] https://github.com/headwaymaps/headway#system-requirements