Is it possible to use iPad with Safari and VSCode? I'm thinking about something like GitHub Codespaces. Like development in browser.

Code server might be what you're looking for: https://github.com/coder/code-server

The caveat with the above is that you'll need something to host it. You could use a computer on your local network or a VPS of some kind (DigitalOcean, Linode, etc all have cheaper plans for hosting).

Once you get Code Server running, you can add the URL to your homepage to remove the Safari URL bar.