One thing I am not able to find anywhere on the whole threejs.org website - what is three.js?

The github project page has a bit more info than the threejs.org website.

It is a relatively small JavaScript library for creating and rendering 3D scene graphs in a browser. It enables you to code while thinking of scenes and the objects within them, rather than GPU buffers and what to put in them.

https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/